112
Lilford R, Mohammed MA, Spiegelhalter D, Thomson R. Use and misuse of process and outcome data in managing performance of acute medical care: avoiding institutional stigma. The Lancet. 2004;363(9415):1147-1154.
Review /Overview
Systems
Process vs outcomes
Statistical methods
A review of the risks of using crude outcome data to measure institutional performance made more convincing by the fact that the same authors have very effectively used such data in other publications
619