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Kruger, J. & Dunning, D. Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of personality and social psychology 77, 1121 (1999).
Empirical study
Individuals
In general
Behaviour - aberrant
People who are most ignorant about a topics are often the most confident of their knowledge - the "Dunning Kruger" effect
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